Which of the following is NOT a component of the Human Development Index (HDI) as defined by UNDP?

Step-by-step solution

1. Recall that HDI has three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.
2. Health is measured by life expectancy at birth.
3. Education is measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
4. Standard of living is measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
5. Among the options, "Literacy rate" is not a direct component of HDI.
6. Hence the correct choice is "Literacy rate".

Concept tested: Components of HDI

Published 31 August 2026 · How this solution was prepared and checked

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