List and explain two major ecological problems caused by the construction of large multipurpose river dams in India.
Answer
Sediment trapping causing downstream erosion and loss of fertile land; displacement of communities leading to loss of livelihoods and cultural sites.
Step-by-step solution
- Identify ecological issues directly linked to dam construction.
- Explain sediment trapping: dams hold back silt, reducing downstream soil fertility and increasing riverbank erosion.
- Explain habitat disruption: flooding of upstream areas destroys forests and wetlands, affecting biodiversity.
- Mention social‑ecological link: displaced communities lose traditional livelihoods, adding pressure on remaining ecosystems.
Common mistake: Mentioning only social impacts and ignoring ecological effects
Concept tested: Ecological impacts of dams
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