Discuss the impact of the Franco‑Prussian War (1870–71) on the rise of nationalism in both France and the newly formed German Empire.
Answer
The war fostered a strong German national identity under Prussian leadership, culminating in the proclamation of the German Empire, while the French defeat ignited revanchist and republican nationalism determined to recover lost territories such as Alsace‑Lorraine.
Step-by-step solution
- Outline the causes of the Franco‑Prussian War and the key battles.
- State the outcome: defeat of France and proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
- Explain how the German victory fostered a strong national identity centred on Prussian leadership.
- Discuss the impact on France: loss of Alsace‑Lorraine, rise of revanchist sentiment, and a new republican nationalism.
- Relate how the war intensified nationalist competition among other European states.
Common mistake: Overlooking the effect of the war on French republican nationalism
Concept tested: Franco‑Prussian War and nationalism
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