Explain how the hypothalamus helps regulate body temperature when the ambient temperature is . Mention the roles of thermoreceptors, the hypothalamus as integration centre, and the effectors that are activated.
Answer
Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus sense 30°C, the posterior hypothalamus is activated, stimulating sweat glands and vasodilation to dissipate heat.
Step-by-step solution
- Skin thermoreceptors detect the ambient temperature of 30°C.
- Heat is transmitted to the hypothalamus via afferent fibres.
- The posterior hypothalamus acts as an integration centre, interpreting the temperature signal.
- It activates effectors: eccrine sweat glands and cutaneous blood vessels.
- Sweating evaporates and vasodilation increases heat loss, bringing body temperature back to normal.
Common mistake: Assuming only skin receptors are involved, ignoring hypothalamic integration
Concept tested: Hypothalamic regulation of body temperature
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