If 8 electrons pass through the photosynthetic electron transport chain and 4 H⁺ are pumped per electron, how many ATP molecules are synthesized, given that ATP synthase requires 3 H⁺ per ATP?

Step-by-step solution

1. Compute total protons pumped: $8\times 4=32$ H⁺.
2. Determine ATP per proton: 1 ATP requires 3 H⁺.
3. Divide protons by 3: $32div3=10$ with a remainder of 2.
4. Thus 10 ATP molecules are synthesized.

Concept tested: Stoichiometry of electron transport and ATP synthesis

Published 16 October 2026 · How this solution was prepared and checked