Explain how clear‑cut deforestation in a mixed forest ecosystem affects the nitrogen cycle, from nitrogen fixation to plant uptake. Provide at least three specific consequences.
Answer
Loss of nitrogen‑fixing trees, reduced litter decomposition, increased nitrogen leaching, leading to lower nitrogen availability for plants.
Step-by-step solution
- Deforestation removes trees that host nitrogen‑fixing rhizobia, reducing input of fixed nitrogen to the soil.
- The loss of leaf litter decreases organic matter available for decomposition; fewer microbes mineralise nitrogen, so less ammonium becomes available.
- Soil compaction from machinery increases runoff and leaching of ammonium, further depleting nitrogen from the soil.
- The combined effect is a decline in soil nitrogen pools and a reduction in plant nitrogen uptake, altering growth and species composition.
Common mistake: Confusing nitrogen fixation with denitrification
Concept tested: Human impact on biogeochemical cycles
Published · How this solution was prepared and checked
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