Explain the mechanism of action of HIV integrase inhibitors and why combination antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is required for effective treatment of HIV infection.
Answer
Integrase inhibitors block the strand‑transfer step of viral DNA integration into the host genome. HAART combines drugs targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, preventing resistance and suppressing viral replication.
Step-by-step solution
- Define HIV integrase function: catalyzes strand‑transfer of viral DNA into host genome.
- Describe integrase inhibitors (e.g., raltegravir) binding to the integrase active site and blocking strand‑transfer.
- State that monotherapy leads rapidly to resistance because HIV mutates integrase.
- Explain HAART uses drugs against multiple stages of the viral life cycle.
- Show that combined pressure reduces viral load and limits resistance emergence.
Common mistake: Assuming integrase inhibitors alone can eradicate HIV
Concept tested: HIV integrase inhibitor mechanism and HAART rationale
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