Explain how probiotics help in preventing antibiotic‑associated diarrhoea. Include the mechanisms involved.
Answer
Probiotics prevent antibiotic‑associated diarrhoea by competitively excluding pathogens, producing bacteriocins, modulating the mucosal immune response, and restoring gut barrier integrity.
Step-by-step solution
- Identify probiotic strains used (e.g. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis).
- Explain competitive exclusion: they occupy adhesion sites on intestinal mucosa, preventing pathogen attachment.
- Mention bacteriocin production: probiotics secrete antimicrobial peptides that inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
- Describe immune modulation: probiotics stimulate IgA production and anti‑inflammatory cytokines.
- Highlight restoration of barrier: they enhance tight junctions and mucin secretion, reducing intestinal permeability.
Common mistake: Attributing all effects to a single mechanism
Concept tested: Probiotics and gut health
Published · How this solution was prepared and checked
← All Microbes in Human Welfare questions