Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in a population of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) with a brief example.
Answer
Habitat fragmentation isolates subpopulations, limiting gene flow and increasing inbreeding, thereby reducing genetic diversity, as observed in isolated populations of the Indian flying fox in fragmented forest patches.
Step-by-step solution
- Define habitat fragmentation as the division of a continuous habitat into isolated patches.
- Explain that isolated patches restrict movement of individuals between subpopulations, reducing gene flow.
- State that reduced gene flow leads to inbreeding and loss of allelic variation, lowering genetic diversity.
- Give the example of Indian flying fox populations confined to small forest patches, where isolated groups show lower genetic diversity than continuous populations.
Common mistake: Confusing habitat fragmentation with overall habitat loss
Concept tested: Fragmentation and genetic diversity
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