Biodiversity and Conservation

32 solved questions from Class 12 Biology, each with the full working. Tap any question to see the step-by-step solution.

• 1 What is the primary topic or theoretical principle explored in 'Biodiversity and Conservation' (Class 12 BIOLOGY)? medium MCQ Chapter Core Principle
• 2 Which key mechanism or analytical rule is highlighted in 'Biodiversity and Conservation'? medium MCQ Key Analytical Mechanism
• 3 What is the primary topic or principle explained in 'Biodiversity and Conservation' (Class 12 Biology)? medium MCQ Chapter Core Concept
• 4 Which key observation or fact is central to understanding 'Biodiversity and Conservation'? medium MCQ Key Fact & Mechanism
• 5 Why is the study of 'Biodiversity and Conservation' important for students of Class 12? medium MCQ Learning Significance
• 6 What is a common application or real-world example related to 'Biodiversity and Conservation'? medium MCQ Real World Application
• 7 What key takeaway should students retain after completing 'Biodiversity and Conservation'? medium MCQ Chapter Summary & Takeaway
• 8 Which of the following correctly lists the three levels of biodiversity in increasing order of hierarchical organization? easy MCQ 1 mark levels of biodiversity
• 9 Explain two major advantages of ex‑situ conservation over in‑situ conservation, providing a relevant example for each advantage. medium 4 marks ex‑situ vs in‑situ conservation
• 10 List the IUCN Red List categories in order from the highest risk of extinction to the lowest risk. medium 2 marks IUCN Red List categories
• 11 In a forest plot, four tree species are recorded with the following number of individuals: Species A = 25, Species B = 15, Species C = 10, Species D = 5. Calculate the Shannon diversity index H' for this community (use natural logarithm). hard 3 marks Shannon diversity index calculation
• 12 In a 10 km² forest fragment, researchers recorded 120 individuals of the Bengal florican. They estimated that 30% are subadults and 10% are immigrants. If the average reproductive output per adult per year is 2.5 eggs, and the survival rate to adulthood is 40%, estimate the net increase in the adult population per year. hard 4 marks Population dynamics and net growth
• 13 Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in a population of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) with a brief example. medium 2 marks Fragmentation and genetic diversity
• 14 Discuss the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in conserving marine biodiversity, focusing on three Indian marine species: the Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), the Olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), and the Indo‑Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Explain at least four specific benefits that MPAs provide to each species. hard 5 marks Marine protected areas and species conservation
• 15 Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of ex‑situ conservation? easy MCQ 1 mark Ex‑situ conservation benefits
• 16 Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in a population of the Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa cristatus) with a brief example. Mention at least three mechanisms involved. hard 5 marks Effects of habitat fragmentation on genetics
• 17 Four tree species are recorded in a forest plot with the following number of individuals: Species A=40, Species B=25, Species C=15, Species D=10. Calculate the Shannon diversity index H' for this community (use natural logarithm). medium 3 marks Shannon diversity index calculation
• 18 In a 20 km² forest fragment, a survey recorded 200 individuals of the Sundarbans mangrove frog. Of these, 25% are subadults and 15% are recent immigrants. The average reproductive output per adult per year is 3 eggs, and the survival rate from egg to adult is 35%. Estimate the net increase in the adult population per year. medium 3 marks Population growth estimation
• 19 Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of ex‑situ conservation? a) Safeguarding endangered species against extinction b) Providing opportunities for research c) Maintaining natural habitat conditions d) Supporting breeding programs easy MCQ 2 marks Direct benefits of ex‑situ conservation
• 20 A mangrove fish community consists of four species with the following counts: Species X = 25, Species Y = 15, Species Z = 10, Species W = 5. Calculate the Shannon diversity index (H') using the natural logarithm. hard 4 marks Shannon diversity index
• 21 In a forest plot the numbers of four tree species are as follows: Species A = 30, Species B = 15, Species C = 10, Species D = 5. Calculate the Simpson’s diversity index (1-D). medium 2 marks Simpson’s diversity index
• 22 Which of the following correctly lists the three levels of biodiversity in increasing order of hierarchical organization? a) Gene, species, ecosystem b) Species, gene, ecosystem c) Ecosystem, species, gene d) Gene, ecosystem, species easy MCQ 1 mark Levels of biodiversity
• 23 Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Mention at least three mechanisms involved. hard 4 marks Impact of fragmentation on genetics
• 24 In a mangrove plot, four fish species have the following counts: Species X = 30, Species Y = 20, Species Z = 10, Species W = 5. Calculate the Shannon diversity index (H') using the natural logarithm. medium 3 marks Shannon diversity index calculation
• 25 Which of the following statements about ex‑situ conservation is incorrect? hard MCQ 4 marks Distinguishing ex‑situ vs in‑situ conservation
• 26 In a forest plot, four tree species have the following numbers of individuals: Species A = 40, Species B = 20, Species C = 15, Species D = 10. Calculate the Simpson’s diversity index (1-D). easy 2 marks Simpson’s diversity index calculation
• 27 Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in the population of the Indian hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) with a brief example. Mention at least three mechanisms involved. hard 5 marks Impact of fragmentation on genetic diversity
• 28 Which of the following is the highest risk category in the IUCN Red List? easy MCQ 1 mark IUCN Red List categories
• 29 In a mangrove plot, fish species counts are: Species A=50, Species B=30, Species C=15, Species D=5. Calculate the Shannon diversity index H' using natural logarithm. easy 2 marks Shannon diversity index calculation
• 30 Explain how habitat fragmentation reduces genetic diversity in a population of the Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa cristatus), mentioning at least three mechanisms. medium 3 marks Habitat fragmentation effects on genetics
• 31 Describe the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in conserving the biodiversity of three Indian marine species: the Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), the Olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), and the Indo‑Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Include at least five specific benefits that MPAs provide to each species. hard 4 marks Marine protected areas and marine biodiversity
• 32 Which of the following correctly arranges the three levels of biodiversity in increasing order of hierarchical organization? easy MCQ 1 mark Hierarchy of biodiversity