Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in a population of the Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa cristatus) with a brief example. Mention at least three mechanisms involved.
Answer
Fragmentation reduces gene flow, increases genetic drift and inbreeding, leading to lower genetic diversity.
The correct answer is Fragmentation reduces gene flow, increases genetic drift and inbreeding, leading to lower genetic diversity. — Conclude that the combined effect of reduced gene flow, increased drift, and inbreeding decreases overall genetic diversity.
Step-by-step solution
- Define habitat fragmentation as the process where a large, continuous habitat is divided into smaller, isolated patches.
- Explain that fragmentation cuts off movement routes, reducing gene flow between sub‑populations.
- Describe how small, isolated populations are more prone to genetic drift, causing random changes in allele frequencies.
- Explain how limited mating options increase inbreeding, which further reduces genetic variation.
- Give a brief example: wild boars in the Deccan Plateau cannot cross the expanding tea plantations, so individuals from one patch breed only within that patch.
- Conclude that the combined effect of reduced gene flow, increased drift, and inbreeding decreases overall genetic diversity.
Common mistake: Forgetting to mention reduced gene flow as a mechanism
Concept tested: Effects of habitat fragmentation on genetics
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