Explain how habitat fragmentation can reduce genetic diversity in the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Mention at least three mechanisms involved.
The correct answer is Fragmentation reduces genetic diversity in pangolins through genetic drift, inbreeding and limited gene flow. — Step 2: Explain genetic drift – small isolated populations experience random loss of alleles, reducing diversity. Step 3: Explain inbreeding – limited mates increase homozygosity, decreasing effective heterozygosity. Step 4: Explain restricted gene flow – individuals cannot move between patches, so alleles are not exchanged. Step 5: Relate these mechanisms specifically to pangolins, e.g., patchy forest fragments in the Western Ghats limiting dispersal. Step 6: Summarise that together these processes lower overall genetic variation within the species.
Step-by-step solution
- Step 1: Describe fragmentation – large continuous populations become isolated patches.
- Step 2: Explain genetic drift – small isolated populations experience random loss of alleles, reducing diversity. Step 3: Explain inbreeding – limited mates increase homozygosity, decreasing effective heterozygosity. Step 4: Explain restricted gene flow – individuals cannot move between patches, so alleles are not exchanged. Step 5: Relate these mechanisms specifically to pangolins, e.g., patchy forest fragments in the Western Ghats limiting dispersal. Step 6: Summarise that together these processes lower overall genetic variation within the species.
Concept tested: Impact of fragmentation on genetics
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