Environment and Sustainable Development
15 solved questions from Class 12 Economics, each with the full working. Tap any question to see the step-by-step solution.
- 1 What is the primary topic or theoretical principle explored in 'Environment and Sustainable Development' (Class 12 ECONOMICS)? medium MCQ Chapter Core Principle
- 2 Which key mechanism or analytical rule is highlighted in 'Environment and Sustainable Development'? medium MCQ Key Analytical Mechanism
- 3 What is the primary topic or principle explained in 'Environment and Sustainable Development' (Class 12 Economics)? medium MCQ Chapter Core Concept
- 4 Which key observation or fact is central to understanding 'Environment and Sustainable Development'? medium MCQ Key Fact & Mechanism
- 5 Why is the study of 'Environment and Sustainable Development' important for students of Class 12? medium MCQ Learning Significance
- 6 What is a common application or real-world example related to 'Environment and Sustainable Development'? medium MCQ Real World Application
- 7 What key takeaway should students retain after completing 'Environment and Sustainable Development'? medium MCQ Chapter Summary & Takeaway
- 8 A paper manufacturing firm produces 150 units. Its private marginal cost is Rs.30 per unit and it creates an external damage of Rs.8 per unit. What is the total social cost of production? medium 2 marks Social cost calculation
- 9 A textile mill releases dye‑laden effluents into a nearby river, harming the fishermen downstream. This effect on the fishermen is an example of: easy MCQ 1 mark Externalities
- 10 Consider a steel industry where the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing Q thousand tonnes is MPC = 50 + 2Q (Rs per tonne). The marginal external damage (MED) from pollution is MED = Q (Rs per tonne). The market price of steel is fixed at Rs.150 per tonne. (a) Find the equilibrium output without any environmental regulation. (b) Determine the optimal Pigouvian tax per tonne. (c) Compute the new equilibrium output after imposing this tax. (d) Calculate the reduction in total social cost due to the tax. hard 5 marks Pigouvian tax and welfare analysis
- 11 Data for two Indian states: State X – GDP Rs.12 lakh crore, population 200 million, CO₂ emissions 450 million tonnes. State Y – GDP Rs.8 lakh crore, population 120 million, CO₂ emissions 300 million tonnes. Compute per‑capita CO₂ emission (tonnes per person) for each state and state which has the higher per‑capita emission. medium 3 marks Environmental indicators – per‑capita emissions
- 12 A cement plant produces 200 tonnes of cement per day. Its private marginal cost is Rs.25 per tonne and it generates an external damage of Rs.12 per tonne. What is the total social cost of production per day? easy 1 mark Social cost calculation
- 13 A community installs rooftop solar panels on its houses, which reduces the need for coal‑based electricity and thereby lowers air pollution for the whole neighbourhood. This situation is an example of: medium MCQ 2 marks Positive externalities
- 14 In a certain chemical industry, the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing Q thousand tonnes of product is given by MPC = 40 + 3Q (Rs per tonne). The marginal external damage (MED) from pollution is MED = 2Q (Rs per tonne). The market price of the product is fixed at Rs.200 per tonne. hard 4 marks Pigouvian tax and optimal output
- 15 State A has a GDP of Rs.15 lakh crore, a population of 300 million and CO₂ emissions of 600 million tonnes. State B has a GDP of Rs.10 lakh crore, a population of 200 million and CO₂ emissions of 350 million tonnes. Compute the per‑capita CO₂ emission (tonnes per person) for each state and state which state has the higher per‑capita emission. medium 2 marks Per‑capita emission calculation